Naturalism in the awakening

In literature, the naturalism movement grew as an offshoot of realism which focused on the real over and above the incredible. However, naturalism was regarded as a more pessimistic movement that stressed the helplessness of man over nature and it’s surrounded. To its adherents, man was a slave to his instincts so his actions were largely affected by them. In the book â€Å"The awakening† a number of issues will be identified that demonstrate the naturalist movement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Naturalism in the awakening specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How naturalism is depicted in the awakening The author to this novel was very bold in writing this book because during her time, it was unthinkable for a woman to be sexually expressive or even for her to leave her family to pursue her passions as depicted in the novel. In fact, the reactions against this book were so strong that they caused the author to be ostracized from her society. It was only after a couple of decades that everyone remembered the writing and saw the beauty inherent in it. In the novel, the protagonist is well aware that society disregards her and her kind. To the male species, she is nothing more than a piece of property that can be handed down from one man to the next. Even after leaving her husband for Robert, Edna soon realizes that his perceptions of her are just the same as her husband. This kind of helplessness that she possesses against her environment or her society is quite typical of naturalist literature. In naturalism man is controlled by forces beyond him and this is exactly what is being suggested in â€Å"The awakening†. Even her efforts to question this way of life bear no fruit as the novel ends with no firm resolution of the matter. In the book she wonders why no one seems to enjoy any rights except for children hence her need to be left alone in the process of resolving t his matter (Chopin, 171). To some extent, Edna can be viewed as the tragic heroine in a naturalist novel. She goes through so much and when she cannot take it anymore, this lady ends her life. Suicidal ends were common in naturalist literature because they were aimed at striking a cord with readers who needed to identify with the helplessness of the characters in the pieces. In the novel, it is common to find that the protagonist is always struggling with issues of solitude, longing and passion which are all characteristic features of naturalism. This is especially visible when Edna listens to music which controls her and takes over her mind. She is overwhelmed by these feelings and realizes that it is almost impossible to stop the tears from coming out of her. At some point, she almost chokes as a result of these sentiments. (Chopin, 72). Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The wave of naturalism was synonymous with a focus on individual feelings as seen in many other parts of the book (Pitzer, 45). What is really sad is that the author cannot feel any sense of hope or hopelessness after hearing the music; the only thing it does for her is it causes her to realize that she can feel and respond to something other than her pain or her feelings in life. The entire book is indeed a demonstration of how humans tend to be slaves to their sentiments. Edna is a person who seems to lack strong will power. She is not bold enough to alter all the challenges she has gone through and even when it appears as though she is actually fighting these values, the story later reveals that her acts were fruitless. In terms of society’s expectations for women, the novel propagates yet another naturalist agenda. Here, readers are introduced to two very distinct women: Adele and Edna. One would be tempted to think that the state of affairs in that Victorian society wa s so biased against the women that only the rebellious ones would survive. However, as one soon finds out, this was clearly not the best path to follow for those concerned. This society did not favor free expression amongst women and neither did it tolerate sexual freedom. Edna chose to go about this in an abrasive and confrontational manner; a decision that costs her life. On the other hand, Adele chooses to go about this in a different way. She has done this by remaining chaste to her husband while still expressing her sexuality freely. In other words, finding peace is only made possible when females embrace faithfulness rather than resisting it. Furthermore, it is possible to communicate and express oneself openly just as Adele did when she played by the rules. This sharp contrast therefore illustrates that females were not free to do as they pleased but could get some degree of freedom if the played by the rules. Fleissner (238) explains that it is sometimes possible to break away from convention when one took on the stand that Adele did. However, this only proves that society is restrictive and that one can never really enjoy their free will. Once again this propagates typical naturalist ideals. In fact, it can be argued that the ‘awakening’ being discussed in this book actually occurs when the protagonist realizes that she must be careful about what she says. The awakening is not in finding what needs to be said but in finding the things that must be kept under a lid (Fleissner 239). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Naturalism in the awakening specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Edna does not find her voice as is the case in certain romantic literature, instead, she finds out what she cannot utter. The best depiction of this occurs when she fails to find the right the words to explain to the doctor why she had to leave her children. In this sense, she cannot say certai n things to him as convention dictates. Overly, this society is one in which the self must be negated and forgotten so as to gain an identity as a mother. Adele was able to tap into the happiness and freedom of expression that her kind can enjoy only when she canceled out her wishes and needs. Conclusion This author was responsible for portraying naturalism because this movement tended to focus more on the moral vice. The author appears to tolerate moral vice even at a time when her society could not fathom it. She stresses individual needs and even talks about sexual freedom or freedom to communicate especially as a woman. She brings out the frustration of not having control over one’s environment. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. NY: Bantam classic, 1981 Pitzer, Michael. Two approaches to the concept of naturalism. Carbondale: University of Southern Illionois, 1966 The Rhythm Method: Unmothering the Race in Chopin, Grimke, and Stein† by Jennifer Fleissner, in Women, Compulsion, Modernity, excerpt on Chopin, 233-244 This essay on Naturalism in the awakening was written and submitted by user Omari Daniel to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Drug Testin In The Workplace Essays - Drug Control Law, Free Essays

Drug Testin In The Workplace Essays - Drug Control Law, Free Essays Drug Testin In The Workplace Drug testing in the United States began with the explosive use of illegal drugs, in order to curb drug abuse. This began during the Vietnam War with drug use at a climax. In general, Drug testing is a way to detect illegal drug use and deter it, usually by Urinalysis. Drug testing in the United States violates a citizens right to unreasonable search and seizures along with jeopardizing ones freedom. Drug testing is not only an unreliable invasion of a persons privacy but it assumes that one is guilty before submitting to the test. Drug testing began to take place in the mid 1960s when drugs like Marijuana, hallucinogens and other drugs were becoming widespread (Stencel, pp.201). The military implemented mandatory drug testing because of the widespread use and the number of Vets that were returning home because of addiction. Ronald Reagan pushed for employers to implement drug testing and even had himself screened for illegal drugs to encourage employers and to reduce opposition to testing (Stencel, pp. 200). The increased concern about drug abuse has, in part, ben the result of the early 1986 appearance on the streets of crack-a new, powerfully addictive form of cocaine-and the growth of cocaine addiction (Berger, 12). President Reagan later called for a second war on drugs campaign. In October of 1986, President Reagan signed into law a 1.7 billion dollar antidrug bill, called the Drug-Free Workplace Order. In addition to the bill, Reagan instructed his cabinet officers to create a plan to begin drug testing for federal civil employees (Berger, 14). Drug testing thus begun a sharp climb into the area of private employers. In November of 1988 Congress passed an Act requiring grant recipients or federal contractors to maintain drug-free workplaces. Most of the employers set up voluntary testing programs and many employees began to sue, claiming that individual testing is a violation of privacy rights. The argument is that the employees are being deprived of their Fourth Amendment protection. Many believe that government testing programs should be unconstitutional unless the authorities have either reasonable suspicion or probable cause that the individuals being tested are on drugs. To justify the use of private employer testing, President Bush said in 1989 that Drug abuse among American workers costs businesses anywhere from $60 billion to $100 billion dollars a year in lost productivity, absenteeism, drug-related accidents, medical claims, and theft (Horgan, 19). This claim was derived from a source that interviewed families that were 28% lower in overall income than the average household. This was used in an effort to promote Bushs war on drugs forum into the private sector (Horgan, 21). Many behaviors of lower income people often differ statistically from upper-income people, therefore the statement of Bush never establishes a clear or accurate statistic. In 1989 President George Bush unveiled his National Drug Control Strategy, encouraging comprehensive drug-free workplace policies in the private sector and in state and local government (Stencel, 201). This created many controversies within the American workplace and in National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab decision, the Supreme Court upheld that drug testing was legal as long as it outweighs privacy rights (James). Then, in 1991 Congress passed the Omnibus Transportation and Employment Testing Act, which would extend drug testing in the United States. Throughout the rest of the 90s drug tests were extended to the outermost sectors of society causing drugs to become a significant issue during election times, although politicians are never tested themselves. The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution was created because of the rough treatment of colonists by the British. The British restricted trade and travel and this gave way to smuggling. British soldiers frequently conducted unrestricted house-to-house searches. People were forced to keep their private records and other personal information on their person or hidden in their home or business to avoid exposure and possible arrest (Berger, 102). The Fourth Amendment was part of the Constitutions Bill of Rights to protect ones privacy and maintain search and seizure guarantees. The right to privacy was described by Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis as the right to be let alone-the most comprehensive of rights and the right most valued by civilized men. The Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right of the people to be secure in their person, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable search and seizure except upon probable cause. Random drug testing threatens the Fourth Amendment and has been called suspicion by association. This is to say that it is